Countries and Territories (93)
Country WAICO Pax Silica Frontier Control Details
🇩🇿 Algeria
Founding Signatory — —
🇦🇷 Argentina
— Signatory —
🇦🇲 Armenia
— AI Opportunity —
🇦🇺 Australia
— Founding Signatory Prime Minister
🇦🇹 Austria
— Via EU Federal Chancellor
🇧🇭 Bahrain
— AI Opportunity Minister of Foreign Affairs
🇧🇩 Bangladesh
Observer Invited —
🇧🇾 Belarus
Founding Signatory — —
🇧🇪 Belgium
— Via EU —
🇧🇷 Brazil
Founding Signatory — —
🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam
Signatory — —
🇧🇬 Bulgaria
— Via EU —
🇰🇭 Cambodia
Founding Signatory — —
🇨🇲 Cameroon
Founding Signatory — —
🇨🇦 Canada
— Observer Prime Minister
🇨🇱 Chile
— Signatory —
🇨🇳 China
Founding Signatory — —
🇨🇬 Congo
Founding Signatory — —
🇨🇷 Costa Rica
— Signatory —
🇭🇷 Croatia
— Via EU Prime Minister
🇨🇺 Cuba
Founding Signatory — —
🇨🇾 Cyprus
— Via EU —
🇨🇿 Czechia
— Via EU —
🇩🇰 Denmark
— Via EU Prime Minister
🇩🇲 Dominica
Signatory — —
🇸🇻 El Salvador
— Signatory —
🇪🇪 Estonia
— Observer Prime Minister
🇪🇹 Ethiopia
Founding Signatory — —
🇫🇮 Finland
— Signatory President of the Republic & Prime Minister
🇫🇷 France
— Via EU President
🇬🇪 Georgia
Signatory — —
🇩🇪 Germany
— Signatory Federal Chancellor
🇬🇷 Greece
— Signatory —
🇭🇺 Hungary
— Via EU —
🇮🇸 Iceland
— — Prime Minister
🇮🇳 India
— Signatory —
🇮🇩 Indonesia
Founding Signatory — —
🇮🇷 Iran, Islamic Republic of
Signatory — —
🇮🇪 Ireland
— Via EU Prime Minister
🇮🇱 Israel
— Founding Signatory —
🇮🇹 Italy
— Signatory —
🇯🇵 Japan
— Founding Signatory —
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan
Founding Signatory Signatory President
🇰🇪 Kenya
Founding Signatory — President
🇰🇷 Korea, Republic of
— Founding Signatory —
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan
Founding Signatory — —
🇱🇦 Lao People's Democratic Republic
Founding Signatory — —
🇱🇻 Latvia
— Via EU President
🇱🇸 Lesotho
Founding Signatory — —
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
— — Hereditary Prince
🇱🇹 Lithuania
— Via EU —
🇱🇺 Luxembourg
— Via EU Prime Minister
🇲🇾 Malaysia
Founding Signatory — —
🇲🇹 Malta
— Via EU —
🇲🇩 Moldova, Republic of
— — President
🇲🇿 Mozambique
Founding Signatory — —
🇲🇲 Myanmar
Founding Signatory — —
🇳🇱 Netherlands, Kingdom of the
— Signatory Prime Minister
🇳🇿 New Zealand
— AI Opportunity —
🇳🇮 Nicaragua
Founding Signatory — —
🇳🇴 Norway
— Signatory Prime Minister
🇴🇲 Oman
Founding Signatory — —
🇵🇰 Pakistan
Founding Signatory — —
🇵🇦 Panama
— Signatory —
🇵🇾 Paraguay
— AI Opportunity —
🇵🇭 Philippines
— Signatory —
🇵🇱 Poland
— Via EU —
🇵🇹 Portugal
— Via EU Prime Minister
🇶🇦 Qatar
— Signatory —
🇷🇴 Romania
— Via EU President
🇷🇺 Russian Federation
Founding Signatory — —
🇸🇳 Senegal
Founding Signatory — —
🇷🇸 Serbia
Founding Signatory — —
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone
— — President
🇸🇬 Singapore
Invited State (Under Consideration) Founding Signatory Prime Minister
🇸🇰 Slovakia
— Via EU —
🇸🇮 Slovenia
— Via EU —
🇿🇦 South Africa
Founding Signatory — President
🇪🇸 Spain
— Via EU Prime Minister
🇸🇩 Sudan
Signatory — —
🇸🇪 Sweden
— Signatory —
🇹🇼 Taiwan, Province of China
— Participant —
🇹🇯 Tajikistan
Founding Signatory — —
🇹🇿 Tanzania, United Republic of
Signatory — —
🇹🇬 Togo
Signatory — —
🇹🇷 Türkiye
— AI Opportunity Minister of Foreign Affairs
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
— Signatory Deputy Prime Minister & Minister of Foreign Affairs
🇬🇧 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
— Founding Signatory —
🇺🇸 United States of America
— Founding Signatory —
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan
Founding Signatory — —
🇻🇪 Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Founding Signatory — —
🇻🇳 Viet Nam
Signatory — —
🇿🇲 Zambia
Founding Signatory — —
WAICO (37 signatories)
Pax Silica (24 countries + EU)
Frontier Control (28 countries + EU)
All three (1)
via EU (20)
Observer (2)
WAICO Observer (1)
AI Opportunity Statement (35)

GeopoliticsAI.com tracks overlapping international alignments across artificial intelligence governance, semiconductor supply chains, and frontier-model safety.

Creator & Maintainer

Built by Martin Josip Kocijan.

The code is open source and hosted at github.com/kocijan/geopoliticsai.

Contribute & Improve

Improvements, corrections, and pull requests are warmly welcomed! If you notice a new signature, accession, ratification, or endorsement, please open an issue or pull request on GitHub.

These three initiatives differ substantially in legal form and intent:

1. WAICO (World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization)

An intergovernmental organization established by an agreement opened for signature in 2026 and headquartered in Shanghai. Thirty-seven states signed the establishment agreement by 31 July 2026. Because the agreement requires ratification, acceptance, or approval (entering into force upon deposit of the third instrument), this tracker distinguishes treaty signature from verified membership or entry into force. Note on founding roster provenance: the PRC Foreign Ministry signing ceremony readout officially confirms 29 founding signatory countries on 16 July 2026 while naming five illustrative examples (Kazakhstan, Laos, Pakistan, Russia, and Indonesia); the complete 29-country founding roster is cross-validated through diplomatic reporting and international coverage (including The Diplomat's full enumeration). The eight later open-window signatories (July 30–31) are individually confirmed by name in official Foreign Ministry statements.

2. Pax Silica

A non-binding U.S. State Department-led economic-security framework launched in December 2025 to strengthen trusted supply chains across critical minerals, energy, advanced manufacturing, semiconductors, and AI infrastructure. As of 31 July 2026, it had 25 formal signatory entities: 24 sovereign states and the European Union.

3. Call for Control of Frontier AI Models — "Frontier Control" (21 September 2026)

An open political declaration launched on 21 September 2026 on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly by Finnish President Alexander Stubb and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre. It is currently endorsed by 30 officials: leaders or senior officials representing 28 countries, plus the President of the European Commission (including endorsements from Austria, Romania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Croatia, France, Sierra Leone, and Portugal). It calls for mandatory pre-deployment safety testing, independent third-party evaluations, incident reporting, and exploring an international institution capable of standard-setting and verification for frontier AI models.

European Union Representation

The European Union signed Pax Silica on 23 June 2026; the European Commission represents the EU institutionally in the project’s organization-level record, and President Ursula von der Leyen endorsed the Frontier Control declaration. EU member states are represented visually through the EU’s institutional signature (not as individual direct national signatories). On the map, EU-represented states with no separate national status (e.g. Poland, Spain, Belgium) are displayed with a neutral grey fill and blue dots. EU member states that independently endorsed the Frontier AI Call (e.g. France, Luxembourg, Austria, Romania, Croatia, Portugal) are displayed with Frontier gold fill and blue dots. Direct national Pax signatories (e.g. Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Finland) retain a solid blue fill.

Pax Silica Status Taxonomy

This tracker distinguishes: formal signatories (25 formal signatory entities as of 31 July 2026: 24 sovereign countries that signed nationally, plus the European Union as a supranational signatory; the United States is retained based on its convening signature and June 2026 outcomes fact sheet, despite omission from the State Department's current web roster table), EU-represented states (20 EU member states shown as represented through the EU signature without direct national accession), observers (reported observer participation in summit sessions, e.g. Canada, Estonia), non-signatory participants (endorsed principles via separate bilateral instruments, e.g. Taiwan), and AI Opportunity Statement signatories (35 signatories of the related Joint Statement on AI Opportunity, tracked in their dedicated dataset object).

Known Limitations

Absence of a record for a given state means "not recorded in reviewed primary and official sources," not affirmative proof of nonparticipation. Diplomatic endorsements and ratification instruments are tracked as official public documentation becomes available.

Multi-Initiative Overlap Coloring

Choose how countries aligned with multiple initiatives (e.g. Pax + Frontier) are colored on the map.

By default, only formal national signatories count toward combinations like Pax + Frontier. Enabling this treats all EU member states as Pax participants in overlap combinations.